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Cancer of the anus
The cancer of the anus is a cancer born in the anal canal. It should not be confused with cancer of the rectum.
The anus is made up of three types of epithelia, each of which can be achieved by a particular type of cancer. The most common is called epidermoid cancer. This cancer can appear as a budding fourme external sickened more or less. Some cases look like a crack or are sometimes confused with hemorrhoids. It represents 3% of malignant tumors of the anus and rectum. This cancer is more common in women than in men and usually appear after 60 years. Among men, the frequency seems higher for homosexuals.
Symptoms
In 1 / 3 cases, there is little bleeding (blood on paper or secretions of HIV-bloody stain underwear). Patients also suffer from pain in the bowel, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, disorders of transit. Finally external tumor can be felt directly by the patient himself.
Causes
The cancer of the anus is caused by the PHV: Human Papillomavirus (HPV type 6). It is transmitted most frequently by direct skin to skin or mucous membrane to mucous membrane in a sexual relationship. This virus DNA is very common in the population. HPV 6 strain has been identified as a cause of the degeneressance cells of the epithelium anal apparission leading to the tumor. Women are more affected than men. The contacts skin lining responsible for the contamination are more frequent. The anal-genital are associated with increased risk. An epidemiological study shows that among men, those affected by the human immunodeficiency virus, or a history of condylomata have an increased risk of contracting cancer. A new population is identified in the study and Al Frisch, men homo-or bisexual. Homosexuality remains an extremely minimal. Tobacco could also encourage the emergence of this disease.
Treatment
The classic treatment of the 1950s was the surgical removal of parts cancereuses.Toutefois, surgery involves removing concomitant anal sphincter, resulting in fecal incontinence. A permanent colostomy is almost always required. A conservative treatment with radiotherapy only for small injuries or combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy can book chess surgery or complications of treatment. Only the smaller lesions (less than 2 cm, without myopathy) may benefit from surgery first. This treatment is required when the cancer did not create metastasis. Healing can be total if detected in time. The probablite survival even complete recovery are excellent.
Complication
About 10% of patients develop metastases difficult to treat, requiring the use of heavy chemotherapy, with or without radiation to destroy homes of local cancer. Chemotherapy is used classic epithelial neoplasms: use of platinum complex, anthracycline, as doxorubicin combined with antimetabolites as fluorouracil or capecitabine.
Read also Colon Cancer
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